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The BSc Biology at the University of Waterloo is an intensive three-year program where you’ll explore the full spectrum of life sciences from your first day. With over 80 biology courses, the program is ideal for students passionate about living systems, offering flexibility to focus on genetics, ecology, microbiology, or physiology.
Curriculum structure:
Year 1: In the first year, students gain a strong foundation in cell biology, genetics, biodiversity, chemistry, and lab techniques. Courses such as Cell Biology, Biodiversity and Evolution, and General Chemistry are paired with hands-on lab components. Students also begin developing essential skills in scientific communication and quantitative reasoning. This year lays the groundwork for all future specialisation.
Year 2: The second year focuses on physiology, molecular biology, and statistical analysis. Students explore how living systems function through courses like Human Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Ecology. Organic chemistry continues with more advanced lab work. Students also take introductory statistics, preparing them for future research. Those in the co-op stream may start their first paid internship in research labs, biotech firms, or environmental agencies.
Year 3: By the third year, students have the flexibility to choose advanced electives based on their interests—ranging from plant biology and neurobiology to immunology and biotechnology. They may take part in introductory research courses (BIOL 398/399), assisting professors with lab or fieldwork. Co-op students often work in applied research roles, healthcare labs, or government science programs. This year is key for developing depth and research experience in a chosen area of biology.
Year 4: In the final year, students engage in high-level coursework and may complete a senior honours thesis (BIOL 499), an independent research project supervised by a faculty member. This project involves designing experiments, collecting data, and writing a formal research paper. Students also take 400-level seminars and electives in niche topics like genomics or conservation biology.
Areas of focus: Genetics, cell biology, ecology, microbiology, molecular biology, physiology, bioinformatics, environmental biology, plant biology, biotechnology
Learning outcomes: Technical writing, laboratory practice, data analysis, teamwork, critical thinking, research skills, communication, problem-solving, fieldwork, professional readiness
Reputation (employability rankings): Waterloo's Faculty of Science is among Canada's most renowned faculties, and the co-op program is North America's largest.
Waterloo biology students gain hands-on skills in labs, field courses, and use of advanced research equipment. The Molecular Biology Core Facility has advanced imaging, PCR, flow cytometry, and cell sorting equipment for use in coursework and independent studies. You can alternate terms of academic study with paid work placements using the co-op program, graduating with a maximum of two years of work experience. Experiential learning opportunities are:
Waterloo’s BSc Biology graduates are highly employable, with most moving quickly into roles like laboratory or field research assistant, environmental consultant, genetic counselling assistant, or clinical research coordinator. Many find careers in healthcare, environmental management, or continue to graduate studies, thanks to the program’s strong practical and analytical focus.
Here’s how Waterloo supports your career journey:
Career services & co-op: The Centre for Career Development and North America’s largest co-op program offer personalised career advising, résumé help, job fairs, and up to two years of paid work experience before graduation.
Strong starting pay: Co-op students often secure roles with competitive salaries—biology research and lab positions in Waterloo typically offer strong starting pay and valuable industry connections.
Industry collaboration: The Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology connects students with industry leaders for internships, research, and innovation projects, building a strong professional network.
Global recognition: The BSc Biology is fully accredited and internationally recognised, ensuring your degree holds long-term value for employment and further study.
Graduate success: Most graduates secure jobs or graduate school placements within months, reflecting the program’s excellent reputation and hands-on training.
Further Academic Progression: After your BSc, you can pursue a research-based MSc or PhD in Biology at Waterloo, specialising in areas like bioinformatics, molecular genetics, or ecology, or join the Collaborative Water Program for interdisciplinary training. The program also prepares you for professional degrees in medicine, dentistry, or education, and is recognised for graduate study worldwide
High school diploma with senior-level Biology, Chemistry and MathematicsEnglish test results: IELTS 6.5 (no band below 6.0), TOEFL iBT 90International Baccalaureate: Higher Level Biology, Chemistry, and Mathematics recommendedA Levels: Biology and Mathematics required, plus five GCSEs including English and MathematicsApplication through Ontario Universities’ Application Centre (OUAC)MicrobiologistGenetic CounsellorResearch ScientistEnvironmental ConsultantLaboratory TechnicianPlant Pathology Research AssistantBioinformatics AssistantAnimal Care Research AssistantClinical Research AssistantDietitian
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