Palaiseau, France
Palaiseau, France
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Post Graduate Fees International Students
École Polytechnique stands out for blending rigorous academics with cutting-edge research, producing leaders in science, technology, and public service. It consistently ranks among the world’s top institutions—93rd by World University Rankings and in the top 100 for reputation. It’s also placed 3rd in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Rankings), highlighting its global academic strength. The school’s strong international collaborations and focus on innovation give students direct access to real-world research environments. Its selective polytechnicien program is considered one of France’s most prestigious engineering tracks. The university's legacy of excellence, elite alumni network, and global recognition make it a premier destination for scientific education.
Baron Cauchy (1789–1857) was a pioneer of mathematical rigor. After graduating from École Polytechnique, he formalize... View More
Baron Cauchy (1789–1857) was a pioneer of mathematical rigor. After graduating from École Polytechnique, he formalized calculus by introducing convergence proofs and continuity definitions. His work founded modern analysis, complex function theory, and contributed to continuum mechanics. He proved key theorems in calculus and introduced permutation group theory. Cauchy’s influence on algebra and mathematical physics still shapes modern research. His insistence on rigor transformed mathematics from heuristic practice into a discipline grounded in strict proof—impacting generations of mathematicians and scientists. View Less
Sadi Carnot (1796–1832) studied at École Polytechnique and later served in the engineering arm of the French Army. Hi... View More
Sadi Carnot (1796–1832) studied at École Polytechnique and later served in the engineering arm of the French Army. His only publication, Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire (1824), founded thermodynamics as a discipline. He defined the theoretical maximum efficiency of heat engines, introducing concepts that later evolved into the second law of thermodynamics and entropy. Though his life was brief, Carnot’s ideas underpinned the industrial revolution’s energy science. Today he’s remembered as the “father of thermodynamics,” and his insights remain fundamental in physics, engineering, and energy studies. View Less
Becquerel (1852–1908), nephew of mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy, entered École Polytechnique and later discovere... View More
Becquerel (1852–1908), nephew of mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy, entered École Polytechnique and later discovered natural radioactivity. While investigating phosphorescent materials, he found that uranium salts emit rays that penetrate materials, which earned him the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics alongside the Curies. His work opened the door to nuclear physics, quantum science, and medical imaging technologies. Becquerel’s discovery reshaped scientific understanding of atomic structure, radioactivity, and radioactive decay—laying groundwork for both fundamental research and wide-ranging applications in medicine and energy. View Less
Poincaré (1854–1912) studied at École Polytechnique before becoming one of the 19th century’s greatest mathemati... View More
Poincaré (1854–1912) studied at École Polytechnique before becoming one of the 19th century’s greatest mathematicians. His research spanned topology, celestial mechanics, and mathematical physics. He formulated the Poincaré conjecture and laid the foundation of chaos theory while studying three‑body mechanics. Poincaré’s work influenced differential equations, algebraic topology, and the theory of dynamical systems. He also pioneered the notion that deterministic systems can exhibit unpredictable behavior, fundamentally shifting how scientists view complex systems. His legacy spans pure and applied mathematics alike. View Less
Mandelbrot (1924–2010), who attended École Polytechnique, is known as the father of fractal geometry. He studied scal... View More
Mandelbrot (1924–2010), who attended École Polytechnique, is known as the father of fractal geometry. He studied scaling, turbulence, and natural patterns—showing that complex structures like coastlines and clouds follow fractal rules. His book The Fractal Geometry of Nature introduced fractals to the broader public and influenced fields from finance to computer graphics. Mandelbrot’s work reshaped how we model complexity, revealing self-similarity across scales in natural and social phenomena. His contributions revolutionize data science, economics, and scientific visualization. View Less
Bernard Arnault (born 1949), X class of École Polytechnique, is CEO and chairman of LVMH, the world’s largest luxury-... View More
Bernard Arnault (born 1949), X class of École Polytechnique, is CEO and chairman of LVMH, the world’s largest luxury-goods group. Under his leadership, LVMH grew across fashion, cosmetics, wines and spirits. Arnault’s strategic acquisitions and creative vision transformed LVMH into a global powerhouse. He is consistently listed among the world’s wealthiest individuals. Arnault’s success illustrates how École Polytechnique foundations in engineering and analytical thinking can translate into exceptional leadership in business, brand building, and cultural influence. View Less
Jean Tirole (born 1953) is an economist who studied at École Polytechnique before earning his doctorate. He specialized... View More
Jean Tirole (born 1953) is an economist who studied at École Polytechnique before earning his doctorate. He specialized in industrial organization, game theory, and regulation of monopolies. In 2014 he received the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for analyzing market power and regulation. Tirole developed frameworks to manage natural monopolies and digital platforms, influencing public policy worldwide. His research bridges rigorous mathematical modeling with real-world regulation challenges. As an alumnus of École Polytechnique, Tirole exemplifies the school’s emphasis on analytical thinking applied to global economic systems. View Less
General Joffre (1852–1931) graduated from École Polytechnique and led the French Army as Commander-in-Chief during Wo... View More
General Joffre (1852–1931) graduated from École Polytechnique and led the French Army as Commander-in-Chief during World War I. He gained fame by organizing the defense at the First Battle of the Marne in 1914, rallying retreating units, and halting the German advance. Dubbed “Papa Joffre,” his leadership stabilized the Western Front. Though later criticized for later wartime strategies, his actions in 1914 were decisive in preserving Allied France. Joffre represents Polytechnique’s tradition of combining engineering precision with strategic leadership in public service. View Less
Albert Caquot (1881–1976) graduated from École Polytechnique and became a leading civil engineer and innovator. He pi... View More
Albert Caquot (1881–1976) graduated from École Polytechnique and became a leading civil engineer and innovator. He pioneered prestressed concrete, building iconic bridges and the La Rance tidal power plant. Caquot also designed dirigibles during World War I. He served in the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées, was a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and was awarded the Legion of Honour. His legacy includes the annual Prix Albert Caquot, recognizing excellence in civil engineering. Caquot’s career blends invention, structural sciences, and service to national infrastructure View Less
René Pellat (1936–2003) entered École Polytechnique in 1956 and became a leading astrophysicist. He co‑founded pla... View More
René Pellat (1936–2003) entered École Polytechnique in 1956 and became a leading astrophysicist. He co‑founded plasma physics research in France and directed major national research agencies including CNES and CNRS. Pellat’s work addressed controlled nuclear fusion, stellar physics, and space science. He created plasma theory groups at Polytechnique and served as scientific advisor and chair at CNES. Pellat’s career bridged cutting‑edge research, national science policy, and institutional leadership. His contributions shaped France’s space and high‑energy science capabilities View Less
École Polytechnique offers a world-class campus with cutting-edge infrastructure designed to support both academic excellence and student life. Located in Palaiseau near Paris, the 160-hectare campus includes advanced research laboratories, modern lecture halls, a large library, and digital learning facilities. Students benefit from fully equipped sports complexes, on-campus accommodation, and vibrant communal spaces. The infrastructure also houses industry-standard innovation labs and startup incubators that foster collaboration between academia and industry. The eco-friendly design and efficient transport connectivity make the campus highly accessible and sustainable. Overall, it’s a space built to inspire curiosity, collaboration, and creation.
Student life at École Polytechnique blends rigorous academics with vibrant social and cultural engagement. The campus hosts over 250 student clubs covering sports, arts, entrepreneurship, robotics, music, and more—ensuring something for every interest. Daily life is rooted in a strong community spirit, with students often living on-campus and building close bonds. Regular events, fests, and competitions add color and energy to the student calendar. The school also emphasizes sports, with extensive athletic facilities and mandatory physical education. This mix of intellectual challenge and social immersion shapes a well-rounded, high-energy student experience.
École Polytechnique provides robust career services to support students' professional development and job placement. The institution's dedicated career center offers personalized guidance, including CV reviews, interview coaching, and job search strategies. Students have access to a wide range of internship opportunities, both in France and internationally, which are integral to their academic programs. The center also facilitates connections with potential employers through networking events and career fairs. Additionally, alumni are actively involved in mentoring current students, providing valuable insights and advice. These comprehensive services contribute to the high employability rates of graduates, with many securing positions before completing their studies.
The below information is required while
completing the university application :
core documents you’ll need when applying to the Bachelor of Science program at École Polytechnique:
Identity document and photo
A copy of your passport (or EU national ID) and a professional headshot (color, 35×45?mm, in JPG/JPEG format)—distinct from your ID photo—taken within the past year. This will be used for admission and your student ID if accepted
Secondary school transcripts and diploma
Upload transcripts for the last three years of high school (grades N?2, N?1, N). If already graduated, include your school-leaving certificate or equivalent. Translations into English or French are required if original documents aren’t in those languages
A concise academic and extracurricular resume. Highlight achievements, science projects, competitions, internships, leadership, and creative pursuits to show your potential and alignment with the program
Personal statement (motivation letter)
Structured responses (typically three questions, ~300 words each) that explain your background, academic interests, and reasons for choosing this program. Don’t just repeat your CV—use it to reveal who you are and why you’ll thrive at Polytechnique
Contact details for two academic referees
Provide names, titles, emails (and optionally websites) of two referees—at least one must be a science or math teacher or academic supervisor. They will receive a direct link to upload recommendation letters; you must not submit them yourself
Proof of English proficiency
A valid test result (under two years old) such as TOEFL iBT ≥?90, IELTS ≥?6.5 (with minimum 6.0 per skill), or Cambridge CAE/CPE ≥?176 (minimum 169 per skill). Native English speakers or those whose education was fully in English for two years may apply for an exemption with official proof
Know more
École Polytechnique has a strong recruitment ecosystem, with close ties to industry leaders in France and abroad. Major companies from sectors like aerospace, finance, consulting, and tech regularly recruit on campus, often offering roles in research, data science, engineering, and leadership. Its polytechnicien program is especially valued by employers for its academic rigor and multidisciplinary training. Students benefit from career fairs, internships, and project collaborations that often lead to pre-placement offers. The school's reputation ensures high employability, with graduates frequently securing roles in top firms or pursuing doctoral studies. Its alumni network across major global organizations adds further strength to campus placements.
École Polytechnique has earned global recognition for its academic and research excellence. It was ranked 93rd in the World University Rankings and placed among the top 100 in the World Reputation Rankings. The university also secured a spot between 201–300 in the University Impact Rankings and ranked 3rd in the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities. Its researchers have received prestigious international awards, including Michel Koenig for his laser research and Habib Ammari for scientific innovation. These achievements reflect the school’s deep commitment to pushing scientific boundaries. École Polytechnique continues to stand as a symbol of French intellectual leadership and global impact.
On February 12, 2025, École Polytechnique inaugurated "avenue Anne Duthilleul‑Chopinet" in honor of its first female valedictorian from the 1972 intake. This dedication was more than symbolic: it marked renewed commitment to gender equity and acknowledgement of women's contributions to science and engineering. The avenue, located near namesakes like Sophie Germain and Rose Dieng, stands as reminder of the school's evolving values and enduring tribute to trailblazing women who reshaped its identity.
In 2022 Alain Aspect, a professor linked to École Polytechnique, received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his foundational experiments demonstrating quantum entanglement. His work validated quantum non-locality by testing Bell’s inequalities, establishing experimental basis for quantum computing, cryptography, and ultra-precise measurement technologies. This milestone reflected the school's strength across both theoretical and experimental science and highlighted its role in shaping emerging technologies grounded in quantum mechanics
In October 2022 two Polytechnique students—Vincent Bouchet (PhD) and Mathieu Joubrel (Master of Science & Technology)—were honored by the FIR‑PRI Awards for research in responsible finance and climate risk modeling. Their work examined investment decision-making with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. This international recognition reflects the school’s growing strength in combining economics, data science, and sustainability—showing that Polytechnique encourages deep inquiry into societal challenges
Between 2019 and 2022 École Polytechnique implemented its Climate Plan across three pillars: education, innovation, and operational sobriety. Over that period, the school cut electricity use by 8 % and gas consumption by 12 %. New sustainability goals were framed in 2023, building on this momentum. These efforts demonstrate Polytechnique's integration of sustainable development into its mission, with measurable ecological improvements and stronger governance around environmental responsibility
In October 2018, Gérard Mourou, a professor at École Polytechnique, received the Nobel Prize in Physics alongside Donna Strickland for inventing chirped pulse amplification (CPA). This technique enables high-intensity, ultra-short laser pulses by stretching, amplifying, then compressing them—dramatically boosting peak power while avoiding damage to amplification media. CPA transformed fields such as laser fusion, material processing, and medical procedures like eye surgery. Mourou’s achievement cemented Polytechnique’s leadership at the frontier of laser physics and practical applications of the ultrafast sciences.
From 2005 onward, École Polytechnique modernized its academic offerings by introducing master’s programs, including in AI, data analysis, cybersecurity, and energy tech. In 2017 it launched a competitive Bachelor of Science program, followed by MSc&T programs in 2018. These programs diversified its educational portfolio, attracted top international students, and allowed graduates to proceed to elite global universities for master’s and PhD studies. The first Bachelor cohort had 94 % admitted to institutions like MIT, Stanford, Cambridge
In 1988 École Polytechnique alumnus Maurice Allais received the Nobel Prize in Economics for pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and optimal resource allocation. His work laid mathematical foundations for understanding decision-making under uncertainty and contributed to modern welfare economics. Allais reinforced Polytechnique’s reputation for blending rigorous quantitative analysis with real-world economic insight. As the first economist from the school to win a Nobel Prize, his achievement highlights the institution’s broad intellectual influence beyond traditional engineering domains.
In 1972 École Polytechnique took a landmark step when it opened its cycle ingénieur polytechnicien entrance to women. Seven women joined that year, including Anne Duthilleul‑Chopinet, who became valedictorian. This shift broke nearly two centuries of male-only admissions and marked the start of sustained efforts toward gender diversity. By 2022, women made up about 26 % of incoming cohorts, rising to 33 % in Bachelor and Master programs. The admission of women has since reshaped academic culture, expanded perspectives, and inspired future generations to pursue STEM leadership.
In July 1959 a decree enabled Polytechnique graduates to enter directly into research roles post-graduation. This policy positioned the school as a launchpad for scientific careers, enabling students to transition smoothly into academia, national labs, or industrial R&D. It formalized research as a core outcome of the curriculum, reinforcing the school’s identity as both an engineering factory and a scientific research hub.
École Polytechnique is a powerhouse of innovation, research, and scientific development, with a strong focus on interdisciplinary collaboration. Its research centers drive breakthroughs in fields like physics, engineering, data science, and artificial intelligence. Faculty and students actively contribute to global projects, often partnering with institutions like the University of Osaka and Taiwan’s National Central University. The campus hosts cutting-edge labs and facilities that support high-impact research, including intense laser labs and advanced technology platforms. Recognition for research excellence includes global awards like the Khwarizmi International Prize and honors from CNRS. The institution fosters a deep culture of inquiry, pushing boundaries in both fundamental and applied sciences.
Though primarily at ESPCI rather than École Polytechnique, the self-healing rubber invented in 2008 by Ludwik Leibler’s team is tied to the broader Polytechnique research network. The polymer bonds when pressed together, allowing cuts to heal. Made from renewable resources, it quickly moved from lab to industry—within 18 months it became a commercially used material by Arkema. This innovation offers transformative possibilities in material durability, tires, coatings, and robotics. While outside the core school, it reflects École Polytechnique’s culture of radical, application‑driven discovery
François Hussenot, a Polytechnique alumnus, is credited with developing early versions of the aviation “black box”—flight data and cockpit voice recorders—in the mid-20th century. His device allowed post-accident analysis of flight parameters and pilot communication, dramatically improving aviation safety standards. The black box quickly became a mandatory instrument in aircraft globally. Hussenot’s invention provided investigators with critical data following crashes, helping uncover causes and improve both aircraft design and operational protocols. Today, both cockpit voice and flight data recorders remain key to airline safety and accident investigation.
Reymond Clavel invented the Delta parallel robot in the early 1980s and patented the design in 1985. His lightweight, high‑speed robot featured three articulated arms connected to a mobile platform, capable of extreme acceleration and precision. It revolutionized pick‑and‑place operations in industrial packaging, electronics assembly, and medical automation. By the 21st century, tens of thousands of Delta robots were deployed globally. Clavel’s invention built on the analytical training from École Polytechnique and inspired numerous variations and precision applications in robotics
Louis Pouzin, educated in France and associated with Polytechnique influence, designed the CYCLADES network in the early 1970s. It implemented the pure datagram model and the end‑to‑end principle fundamental to the modern Internet architecture. Pouzin’s work influenced TCP/IP protocols developed later, earning him recognition as a pioneer of internetworking. His innovations laid the groundwork for decentralized packet‑switched networks, making the global Internet possible. Pouzin’s design philosophy remains central to networking today, balancing resilience with efficiency and scalability
Henri Ziegler, a Polytechnique alumnus, played a leading role in reviving and coordinating the Concorde supersonic airliner project in the 1960s. Working with André Turcat (pilot) and other engineers, Ziegler oversaw development, testing, and the ultimately successful first flights in the late 1960s. Concorde began commercial operations in 1976 as the world’s first supersonic passenger jet. Though its service ended in 2003, Concorde remains an engineering marvel. It showcased French (and British) aeronautical craftsmanship and Polytechnique’s legacy in pushing aviation boundaries
Pierre Satre, an École Polytechnique graduate, headed the engineering team at Sud Aviation that designed the Caravelle, Europe’s first short/medium‑range jet airliner in the 1950s. Commissioned in the mid‑1950s, the Caravelle introduced rear‑mounted engines and clean aerodynamic lines, influencing modern regional jet design. It entered service in 1959 and became a commercial success, symbolizing French aerospace innovation. The Caravelle paved the way toward Concorde and modern air travel. Satre’s leadership transformed post‑war European aviation engineering and demonstrated how French design could compete globally.
Eugène Freyssinet, an alumnus of École Polytechnique, is credited with inventing pre‑stressed concrete during the 1920s. He developed a method to compress concrete elements using tensioned steel cables, counteracting tensile forces and greatly enhancing structural capacity. This innovation made long-span bridges, slender structural beams, and high-rise construction possible. Pre‑stressing drastically improved concrete’s resilience to cracking and increased durability, revolutionizing civil engineering. Freyssinet’s methods remain central to modern infrastructure design worldwide
In 1893 physicist-engineer André Blondel, associated with the Polytechnique tradition, invented the first oscilloscope to display electrical waveforms. He studied arc lighting phenomena and “singing arc” transmissions, founding the idea of self-sustained oscillations. Blondel coined the term in the 1919 memoir and laid groundwork later used by Balthasar van der Pol. His oscilloscope enabled real-time visualization of voltage and current, revolutionizing electrical engineering and radio transmission. This instrument remains central to electronics diagnostics, design, and scientific measurement
Augustin‑Jean Fresnel, from École Polytechnique (class of c. 1804), invented the Fresnel lens in the early 1820s to improve lighthouse illumination. By using concentric segmented prisms, he dramatically increased efficiency and visibility while reducing material weight. The Fresnel lens soon became standard in lighthouses across Europe and remains important in optics and lighting design today. Its stepped lens architecture also appears in modern devices like overhead projectors and magnifiers. Fresnel’s invention was a turning point in wave optics, reinforcing the wave theory of light and saving countless maritime lives
Louis Vicat graduated from École Polytechnique in 1804 and developed the first artificial cement in France, later known as “Vicat cement.” Around 1818, it was used in the bridge at Souillac, marking one of the earliest uses of this new material. Vicat conducted systematic studies of mortar setting, inventing the “Vicat needle” still used today to determine cement setting time. His work laid the foundation for modern construction materials and led to the creation of Vicat Cement Company. Vicat’s invention transformed building technologies, enabling durable infrastructure and helping pioneer standardized concrete science.
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