A leading 20th-century philosopher, novelist, and playwright, Sartre was a pioneer of existentialism and a Nobel Prize w... View More

A leading 20th-century philosopher, novelist, and playwright, Sartre was a pioneer of existentialism and a Nobel Prize winner in Literature (1964), which he famously declined. View Less

A philosopher, mystic, and political activist, Weil is celebrated for her profound writings on spirituality, justice, an... View More

A philosopher, mystic, and political activist, Weil is celebrated for her profound writings on spirituality, justice, and human suffering, blending classical thought with social critique. View Less

A Marxist philosopher known for his structuralist approach to ideology and social theory, Althusser's work remains influ... View More

A Marxist philosopher known for his structuralist approach to ideology and social theory, Althusser's work remains influential in political and academic discourse. View Less

Founder of deconstruction, Derrida revolutionized literary theory and philosophy with his critical examination of langua... View More

Founder of deconstruction, Derrida revolutionized literary theory and philosophy with his critical examination of language, meaning, and interpretation. View Less

One of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century, Foucault’s work on power, knowledge, and social institutions... View More

One of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century, Foucault’s work on power, knowledge, and social institutions transformed humanities and social sciences. View Less

A sociologist, philosopher, and political commentator, Aron offered a liberal counterpoint to leftist thinkers like Sart... View More

A sociologist, philosopher, and political commentator, Aron offered a liberal counterpoint to leftist thinkers like Sartre and was a major voice in postwar intellectual debate. View Less

A key figure in phenomenology, Merleau-Ponty’s work on perception, embodiment, and consciousness enriched both philoso... View More

A key figure in phenomenology, Merleau-Ponty’s work on perception, embodiment, and consciousness enriched both philosophy and psychology. View Less